B.Sc. GENETICS - THEORY 

Syllabus 

PAPER-1

Total : 90 Hours

1. MICROSCOPY

           Use of microscopes in Cytology : Principles, mechanisms, resolving power and handling of different microscopes, (Compound, Electron, Dark field, Phase contrast and Fluorescent microscopes). 

5 Hrs. 

2. INSTRUMENTATION IN CELL BIOLOGY.

           Basic principles involved in Instrumentation : Centrifuge, Ultracentrifuge, Spectrophotometer, Microtome, Chromatography- Paper and Thin-Layer, Two dimensional, Column and Liquid, pH meter, Electrophoretic unit, Laminar flow unit, Glass beads Sterilizer, Micropippetes, Microneedles, Radioactive labelling, DNA isolation tubes, other equipments regarding finger printing of proteins and nucleic acid. 

6 Hrs. 

3. LIFE CYCLES.

             Life cycles of Viruses, e.coli, Paramedia, Neurospora, Drosoohila, Mosquitoes, Silkworm, Corn or Pea plants, Reproduction in Ambhibia (Frog) and Mammals (Rat).

10 Hrs.

4. CHEMISTRY OF THE CELL.

    Proteins, CarboHydrates, Linids and Vitamins, Ultra structure of the cell.

    Plasma membrance :- Ultrastructure, Chemical composition, Models; Unit membrane model of Robertson and Fluid mosaic model of Singer and Nicolson. Functions : Qsmosis, Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Active transport. Receptor site and other recent concents and Microvilli and Desmosomes.

a. Cell Wall :- A brief account of ultrastructure, chemical composition and function.

b. Nucleus :- Morphology, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, nucleoplasm-Chemistry, Chromatin material.

c. Endoplasmic reticulum :- Ultrastructure, types and functions

d. Ribosomes :- Ultrastructure, chemical composition, their role in biosynthesis of proteins.

e. Centrosomes :- Ultra structure of centricles, cilla and Flagella, functions, role in cell division and spermiogenesis.

f. Lysosomes :- Ultra structure , functions and polymorphism

g. Golgi Complex- Ultrastructure, and function

h. Mitochondria :- Ultrastructure, chemical composition, enzymes and co-enzymes, functions-krebs cycle, electron transport system and oxidactive phoaphorylation.

i. Plastids :- Types, ultrastructure of chloroplast and photosynthesis.

5. MITOSIS.

       Essentials of mitosis, plan and variants. Mitotic apparatus, its structure and chemistry. Cytokinesis, physiology of dividing cell. Mitotic cycle, mitotic rhythms, blockage and stimulation of cell division, significance of mitosis.

6. MEIOSIS.

       Stage, synaptonemal complex, crossing over, chiasma formation, molecular mechanism of crossing over. Variation in meiotic phenomena and significance of meiosis chromosome.

7. PHYSICAL BASIS OF HEREDITY

       Physical and chemical structure of eukaryetic chromosome, macromolecular organisation, chromosome-types, primary and secondary constructions, sat bodies, telomeres, karvotype, heterochromatin and euchromatic and significance. Ultra structure of chromosomes-folded fibre model of Du Praw and nucleosome model, nucleosome structure. Special types of chromosome - polytene, lampbrush, B-chromosomes and ex chromosome.

10 Hrs.

8. CHEMCIAL BASIS HEREDITY

        DNA, its chemical constituents, structure, replication and function, RNA-types, structure, transcription and translation, and involvement in protein synthesis, Genetic code .

7 Hrs.

9. HISTORY OF GENETICS

        Definition, aim and scope of genetics, continuity of life, preformation, epigenesis, Pangenes is and inheritance of acquired characters. Germplasm, theory of Weismann

a. Heredity and environment :- Genotype and phenotype, heredity and variationy, clones, pure lines and inbred lines, norm of reaction, phenocopies and twin studies.

6 Hrs.

10. MENDELIAN GENETICS

a. Principles of segregation :- mono hybrid crosses, (Pea plant and Man), back and test cross, dominance

b. Principles of independent assortment :- Dihybrld crosses in pea plant and Drosophila back and test cross and Genetic problems.

c. Probability in Mendelian inheritance. Elements of biometry-probability, functional method, binomial method, testing of goodness, chi-square. Measurement of variation, normal curve, mean, mode, median standard deviation, standard error, t-test, correlation and regression.

d. Interaction of genus.- Epistasis, dominant epistasis (12:3:l), recessive epistasis (9:3:4), supplementary genes-cumulative effect (9:6:1), duplicate dominant genes(15:1), duplicate recessive genes (9:7), dominant and recessive interactions (13:3), non-epistalic inter allelic genetic interactions-comb in fowl.

18 Hrs.